稀土元素的热力学特性及在金属基复合材料中的应用

Thermodynamic Characteristics of Rare-Earth Element and Its Application in Metals Matrix Composites

摘要:

稀土元素具有许多独特的性质，少量稀土元素的存在能极大地影响金属材料的结构与性能，本文在分析稀土元素热力学特性的基础上，从物理化学角度和复合材料结构与性能的关系上，讨论了稀土元素对金属基复合材料的影响，在铝基复合材料中加入Ｌａ系元素后，由于形成Ａｌ－Ｌａ金属间化全物，从而使其耐热性能有明显增加，同时稀土元素的加入也可使Ａｌ基体晶粒细化，使复合材料的综合机械性能得到改善，此外还有提高耐腐蚀性能的效果。

Abstract:

The addition of small quantities of rare-earth elements may have strong effects on the structure and properties of the solvate metal For example, when La is added into an Al matrix composites, the thermal resistance increases strongly due to the formation of an Al-La intermetallic compound At the same time as a result of a refinement of the grain size of the Al matrix, the comprehensive mechanical properties are improved and the anticorrosive property is also increases When a rare-earth element is added to Mg alloys, the mechanical properties, thermal resistance and processing properties improve, so that the scope of application of Mg alloy can be expanded into a matrix of composites In the case of nano scale Mg-Y composites reinforced by in-situ intermettallic compound particulates, which is a recent development, the elongation is greatly improved as a result of the fineness reinforcing particles is very fine, and the high temperature strength and anti-corrosive properties are also good