大规模合成近乎单分散的镍三维纳米结构及其催化性能研究

Large-Scale Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Nearly Monodispersive Nickel 3D Nanostructures

摘要:

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为包覆剂，通过一种改进的水热法合成近乎单分散的镍三维纳米结构。利用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对所得产物进行表征。结果表明，立方相的镍晶体是由中心放射状生长的纳米矛头组成的花状三维纳米结构，其尺寸约为1.5 μm。这些纳米矛头具有均一的形状：其根部为(120±20) nm，顶部为(15±5) nm，长度为(400±50) nm，厚度为(10±2) nm。对比实验表明，镍三维纳米材料的花状形貌受到反应时间、温度和表面活性剂协同效应的控制。良好的催化性能表明，这种镍三维纳米结构将来很可能成为一种优异的催化剂。

Abstract:

Nearly monodispersive nickel 3D nanostructures were synthesized using a improved hydrothermal route with poly-(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) as capping reagent. The obtained products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results reveal that cubic nickel crystals possess flower-like 3D nanostructures with nanospearheads growing radially from the core and a uniform diameter of about 1.5 μm. These nanospearheads have almost uniform shapes: the root in (120±20) nm, the tip in (15±5) nm, the length in (400±50) nm, and the thickness in (10±2) nm. Contrast experiments demonstrate that flower-like shape of nickel 3D nanocrystals is controlled by the cooperative effects of time, temperature and surfactant. The good catalytic effects indicate these flower-like nickel 3D nanocrystals are likely to be applied as a better catalyst in the future.