机动车催化剂用贵金属前驱体

Review of Precursors of Precious Metals Used in Automobile Catalyst

摘要:

贵金属作为车用三效催化剂的主要催化活性组分，在净化汽车排放废气中发挥着重要作用。然而，贵金属在其前体化合物，即前驱体中的价态、贵金属与配体的键合强度、吸附在负载材料上的浸渍液pH值及其中是否存在其它离子等，都会直接影响活化处理后贵金属在负载材料上的分散程度及前驱体与负载材料之间的相互作用，从而影响催化剂的催化活性、高温稳定性、耐久性等性能指标。通过综述贵金属前驱体国内外研究进展，阐明贵金属前驱体的类型及其应用条件会对催化剂性能产生显著影响，认为充分利用这些特性对指导开发更高性价比新型催化材料具有重要意义。

Abstract:

As the primary active components of automotive three-way catalysts, precious metals play an important role in purifying auto-exhaust. However, the charge of the precious metals in their precursor compounds, the bond intensities between precious metals and the ligands, the precursors solution pH values and whether other ions exist in them or not, directly influence dispersion of the precious metals on the modified material and interaction between the precursor and the material after activation treatment. Consequently they affect the performance standards of the catalyst activity, high-temperature stability, durability and so on. According to the review of the precious metals precursor researches at home and abroad, the important effects of the species and applied conditions of precious metals precursors on the catalyst performance are clarified, and it is thought that making full use of them to guide the high cost-effective catalytic material development are of great importance.