稀土金属提纯方法与研究进展

Research progress and technology of rare earth metal purification

摘要:

随着稀土材料不断开发,新型稀土功能材料的制备需要纯度更高的稀土金属,稀土金属提纯方法包括真空熔炼、电解精炼、真空蒸馏/升华、熔盐萃取、区域熔炼、固态电迁移、电化学脱氧、外吸气剂法、 通氢等离子体熔炼等。本文对各种方法提纯稀土金属的机理进行了阐述,对研究现状和提纯效果进行了总结。杂质去除需采用多种手段结合,同时提升装备水平,以达到提高提纯效果、降低成本、缩短生产周期的目的。

Abstract:

Along with the development of rare earth materials, the preparation of novel rare earth function materials needed higher purity of rare earth metals. The methods for purifying rare earth metal mainly included vacuum melting, electrolytic refining, vacuum distillation/sublimation, fused-salt extraction, zone refining, solid-state electrotransport, electrochemical deoxidation, external getter method, plasma arc melting (Ar or Ar+H2), etc. The purification mechanism of rare earths metals was briefly explained, and the research progress and purification effects are summarized. Combining multiple means for removing impurities and promoting the level of equipment, in order to improve the effects of purification, and reduce the cost, shorten production cycle.