锆丝电爆炸法制备氧化锆纳米颗粒及其特征

Synthesis and characteristics of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles by electrical explosion of zirconium wire

摘要:

在空气中采用锆丝点爆炸法合成了纳米二氧化锆颗粒,根据实测电流、电压和由此计算得到的能量沉积波形分析了电爆炸和纳米颗粒形成过程。发现锆丝气化后在锆丝蒸汽和空气中形成电击穿现象诱发电爆炸并截断锆丝中的能量沉积。通过扫描电镜和透射电镜对产物进行了分析,发现纳米二氧化锆颗粒形貌呈近球形,粒度分布在30.6-69.4纳米之间。X射线衍射分析表明产物由单斜晶型(m- ZrO2)和四方晶型(t- ZrO2)二氧化锆组成,随着充电电压的提高,四方晶型二氧化锆含量增加而单斜晶型含量变小,二者粒度都呈变大趋势。

Abstract:

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized by electrical explosion of zirconium wire in the air. The process of wire explosion and particles formation were analyzed according to the measured current, voltage and calculated deposited energy waveforms. It was found that electrical breakdown through the vapor of Zirconium wire and the surrounding air resulted in an explosion and stopped the energy deposition in wire. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) of the products, it was found that the morphologies of synthesized nanoparticles were nearly spherical and the diameters range from 30.6 to 69.4 nanometers. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that the powders consist of monoclinic ZrO₂ (m- ZrO₂) and tetragonal ZrO₂ (t- ZrO₂), the content of t-ZrO₂ increases while the content of m-ZrO₂ decreases with the increased charging voltage, the average sizes of the m-ZrO₂ and t-ZrO₂ are both increase when the charging voltage increases.