钎焊材料形态演变及其发展趋势

Morphological evolution and Development Trend of Brazing Materials

摘要:

随着制造业高速发展,钎焊技术应用越来越广,并向绿色化、高效化、自动化和高可靠方向发展。钎焊材料形态对钎焊自动化和可靠性起着至关重要的作用。目前有关钎料的研究主要基于成分、性能、工艺性及应用领域等方面。对于钎料形态方面的系统研究还鲜有报道。在钎焊过程中,采用恰当形状的钎料,可以优化工艺和提高钎焊可靠性。本文以钎料几何形态为主线,系统总结了丝状/条状、棒状、粒状、箔带状、粉末状、膏状、药芯型、非晶态及预制成形等钎料的特点、应用范围、主要代表体系、制备方法及发展现状,重点阐述了粉末、药芯型和非晶态等钎料以及常用钎焊方法所适用的钎料形态。研究认为：未来钎焊材料形态发展方向是绿色、高效、低成本并适应新材料、自动化、数字化及智能化需求。

Abstract:

With the high-speed development of manufacturing, the brazing technology is becoming widely used and turning toward a greenization, high efficiency, automation and high reliability direction. The geometrical morphology of the brazing filler metal plays an important role in guaranteeing the automation and high reliability of the brazing. At present, there are numerous researches on brazing filler metal, many of them are based on the material composition, properties, manufacturability and usage range, etc. Systematic research about the geometrical morphology of the brazing filler metal is rarely reported. Choosing the perfect geometrical morphology of the brazing filler metal reasonably can optimize the process and improve the brazing quality. In this paper, the geometrical morphology of the brazing material is the main line, and the characteristics, application scope, representative systems, preparation methods and current situation of the filiform/strip, the stick, bulk, foil tape, powder brazing filler metals, the paste solder, the flux-cored wire, the amorphous and the preformed brazing filler metals are systematically summarized. The powder, flux-cored and amorphous brazing filler metals and suitable filler metal geometries for some common brazing methods are introduced in details. Research suggests that the developing direction of the morphology of the future brazing filler metal is greenization, high-efficiency, low-cost and adapted to the requirement of new materials, automation, digitization and intelligence.