炭气凝胶作为燃料电池催化剂载体的研究进展

Progress on carbon aerogels as the supports of fuel cell catalysts

摘要:

设计制备低成本、高催化活性、高稳定性的ORR电催化剂对燃料电池的实际应用至关重要,良好的催化剂载体对提高催化剂的电化学催化性能具有重要意义。炭气凝胶具有孔结构可控、高比表面积、高导电性、大孔体积等优势,是一种非常具有潜力的燃料电池ORR电催化剂载体。本文对最近炭气凝胶作为燃料电池催化剂载体的研究进展进行了综述,简单介绍了炭气凝胶的种类及其负载催化剂的方法,着重讨论了炭气凝胶负载Pt等贵金属催化剂、炭气凝胶负载非贵金属催化剂以及非金属掺杂炭气凝胶催化剂的研究进展,最后总结了其面临的挑战和未来的主要发展方向。

关键词:炭气凝胶;燃料电池;催化剂载体;贵金属;非贵金属

Abstract:

The design and preparation of ORR electrocatalysts with low cost, high catalytic activity and high stability are of crucial importance to the practical application of fuel cells. Carbon aerogels (CAs) have the advantages of controllable pore structure, high specific surface area, high conductivity and large pore volume, and these characters allow it a potential candidate for fuel cell ORR electrocatalyst carrier. In this review, the recent progress on CAs as fuel cell catalyst carrier were reviewed. Firstly, the species of carbon aerogels and methods of supporting catalysts were simplely introduced, and then the research progress on precious metal catalysts supported on CA, especially Pt, the non-noble metal catalysts supported on CA and non-metal doping CA catalysts were discussed. In addition, the challenges and development direction in the future were summarized.

Key words:carbon;aerogel, fuel;cell, catalyst;supports, precious;metal, non-noble;metal, nonmetal;doping