铝合金与复合材料连接技术综述

Review on Joining Technology of Aluminum Alloy and Composites

摘要:

在航空航天、海洋运输和车辆制造等领域，制造材料朝着轻量化、复合化和高性能化的方向发展。由于铝合金和树脂基复合材料具有高比模量和高比强度等优点，其复合结构的连接技术也受到越来越多的关注。本文针对铝合金与树脂基复合材料连接技术的连接机理和影响因素进行综述。目前，铝合金和树脂基复合材料的连接方法主要有螺栓连接、铆接、胶接、注塑连接和焊接。其中螺栓连接和铆接工艺简单，但孔洞易产生应力集中；胶接成本低，但界面的抗冲击和抗剥离强度较低；注塑连接周期短，但强度有限；焊接自动化程度高，但设备昂贵。最后本文基于当前研究成果，指出高性能、高可靠性的铝合金与树脂基复合材料接头进一步研究发展方向。

Abstract:

The hybrid structures of metal-composites have been widely used in the field of aerospace, marine and vehicle industry due to the advantages of high specific modulus and high specific strength of aluminum alloy and resin matrix composites. Therefore, the joining technology between metal and composites as one of the crucial problems in these industries has been paid more attention. In this paper, the connection mechanism and influencing factors of the joining processes of resin matrix composites and aluminum alloy are reviewed. At present, bolt connection, rivet connection, adhesive bonding, injection molded direct joining and welding are studied for the connecting between aluminum alloy and resin matrix composites. The processes of bolt connection and rivet connection are simple, however, the stress concentration is easy to produce around the hole. The cost of adhesive bonding is low, but the anti-impact and anti-stripping strength of the interface is low. The production cycle in the process of injection molding direct joining is short, but the strength of the joint is also low. The degree of automation in the welding technology is high, however, the required equipment is expensive. Finally, the development direction of joining technology between aluminum alloy and resin matrix composites that can obtain the joints with high performance and high reliability is pointed out according to the current research results.