钚及其化合物表面腐蚀的研究进展

Progress on Surface Corrosion of Plutonium and Its Com-pounds

摘要:

为了解掌握钚（Pu）及其化合物表面氧化腐蚀机理和探索能够有效缓解钚材料氧化腐蚀的环境体系，对国内外开展钚及其化合物表面化学的研究进行了综述，加深了对钚及其化合物在空气中的腐蚀行为的认识；对H₂、O₂、CO、CO₂等活性气体和Xe等稀有气体在钚及其化合物不同表面的吸附行为进行了对比分析，得到一些有益的结论。研究表明，Pu与各种活性气体和稀有气体的相互作用中伴随着电荷的转移，作用机理主要是气体原子分子的不同杂化轨道和Pu7s、Pu6p、Pu6d、Pu5f等杂化轨道相互作用生成了新的化学键，从而导致了相关反应和现象的产生。本研究还从改善研究方法、开展不同相的钚原子的不同表面吸附行为研究和探索防护钚材料氧化腐蚀新体系3个方面对钚及其化合物表面腐蚀研究工作进行了展望。

Abstract:

In order to acquire the mechanism of surface oxidation corrosion of plutonium (Pu) and its compounds and explore the environmental system that can effectively alleviate the oxidation corrosion of plutonium materials, some research results on surface chemistry of plutonium and its compounds were reviewed, which deepen the understanding of the corrosion behavior of plutonium and its compounds in the air. The adsorption behavior of active gases such as H₂, O₂, CO, CO₂ and H₂O (gaseous) and rare gases such as Xe on different surfaces of plutonium and its compounds was compared and analyzed, and some useful conclusions were obtained. It is concluded that the interaction of plutonium with various active gases and rare gases is accompanied by charge transfer, and the mechanism of reaction is mainly that the new chemical bonds are formed because of the interaction between the different hybrid orbitals of gas atoms (or molecules) and plutonium atoms such as Pu7s, Pu6p, Pu6d and Pu5f, which leads to related reactions and phenomena. The research work prospect on the surface corrosion of plutonium and its compounds is also taken from three aspects including improving research methods, carrying out research on other surface adsorption behavior of plutonium atoms and exploring new systems for protecting plutonium materials from oxidative corrosion.