金属钨辐照缺陷与氢/氦作用的计算模拟研究进展

The Interaction of Radiation Defects in Tungsten and Helium/Hydrogen: A Review of Computation and Simulation

摘要:

金属钨是聚变反应堆中面向等离子体的最佳候选材料，辐照产生的缺陷与聚变产生的氢（H）、氦（He）相互作用，往往形成H/He气泡，严重损伤金属钨的结构，导致其热力学性能退化。然而，仅依赖于实验表征技术，尚难以系统揭示缺陷与氢、氦相互作用的物理机制。近年来，多尺度计算模拟方法为研究金属结构缺陷与H、He交互作用提供了一条重要途径。本文综述了国内外在金属钨缺陷与氢、氦相互作用计算模拟研究领域取得的最新进展，系统总结了缺陷类型、尺寸、浓度、分布以及温度等对H、He动力学行为的影响规律，建立了微观组织变化与结合能、俘获能、扩散路径、团簇结构、能量分布等之间的关系，并指出困扰该领域的关键科学技术问题以及发展趋势，为面向等离子体材料的筛选、设计与评价提供理论指导。

Abstract:

Tungsten has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for plasma-facing materials in next-step fusion energy systems. The helium and hydrogen bubbles lead to the serious damage of structure and degeneration of thermal and mechanical properties of W. It is still difficult to reveal the physical mechanisms of interaction between radiation defects and helium/hydrogen by using experimental skills, however, the multi-scale computation and simulation are more effective. Based on the progress of different computation and simulation methods in recent years, this paper systematically introduces the effect of the defect type, concentrations, size, distribution and temperature. Meanwhile, the binding energy, formation energy, diffusion path, diffusion barrier, clustering bhaviors and microstructure evolution are discussed. In the end, the existing key scientific problems and development trend are pointed. The results are contributing directly to the design, preparation and application of W based materials under a fusion environment.