大比表面积催化材料制备方法研究进展

Research Progress in Preparation of Catalytic Materials with Large Specific Surface Area

摘要:

通过增加材料表面区域，可以促进活性组分高度分散，加速催化剂的电子迁移并改变材料表面酸性位，极大的提高催化活性。因此，大比表面积催化材料的制备已经成为研究的热点。尽管诸多研究都已经注意到了材料比表面积变化对于催化性能的重要性，但是目前的研究系统性仍有不足，亟待揭示比表面积和催化之间的构效关系，探明大比表面积材料的结构演化机制和对性能的影响机理，构筑影响催化活性的关键结构特性，实现催化材料的可控制备。本综述系统总结了大比表面积催化材料的不同制备方法、物理化学机理、特性分析、制备面临的挑战，并对未来发展进行了展望。重点阐述了材料的形貌特性、尺度特性和元素特性对大比表面积催化材料制备的影响和限制。

Abstract:

By increasing the surface area of a material, the highly dispersed active components can be promoted, the electron migration of the catalyst can be accelerated, the acid level on the material’s surface can be changed, and the catalytic activity can be greatly improved. As a result, the preparation of catalytic materials with large specific surface area has become a research hotspot. Although many studies have emphasized the importance of material surface changes for catalytic performance, there is currently a lack of systematic research that can reveal the structure–activity relationship between specific surface area and catalytic activity. Furthermore, several studies have proven the structure of the large specific surface area material evolution mechanism and the performance impact. The construction of key structural characteristics affects catalytic activity, thus, realizing the controllable preparation of catalytic materials. In this review, the different preparation methods, physicochemical mechanism, characteristic analysis, and preparation challenges of catalytic materials with a large specific surface area are systematically summarized, and future development is prospected. In addition, the influence and limitation of morphology, scale, and elemental characteristics on the preparation of catalytic materials with a large specific surface area were emphasized.