CuCr25阴极材料在不同环境气氛下的电弧烧蚀行为及机理

Arc Erosion Behavior and Mechanism of CuCr25 Cathode Material in Different Ambient Atmospheres

摘要:

研究了9 kV电压下CuCr25阴极材料在氧气、氩气和二氧化碳气氛下的电弧烧蚀行为。燃弧时间和电弧能量按照氧气、氩气、二氧化碳的环境气氛变化顺序依次减小，而击穿强度的变化趋势则相反。利用扫描电子显微镜和三维激光共聚焦显微镜分析了在电弧的高温、高能量作用下CuCr25材料表面形成的熔池、凸起、孔洞、飞溅和裂纹等烧蚀形貌。结果表明：CuCr25材料在氧气中烧蚀得最严重，在二氧化碳中电弧烧蚀最轻微，这可能与电弧能量的差异有关。X射线光电子能谱分析结果显示，在氧气和二氧化碳中电弧烧蚀表面发生氧化反应，生成了CuO、CrO₃和Cr₂O₃，而在氩气环境中没有新的化合物形成。

Abstract:

The arc erosion behavior of CuCr25 cathode material in oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide atmospheres under voltage of 9 kV was studied. The arc duration and arc energy are decreased with changing the atmosphere in the order of oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide, whereas the variation trend of breakdown strength is opposite. The erosion morphologies of molten pools, bulges, holes, splashes, and cracks formed on the CuCr25 material surface under the high temperature and high energy of the arc were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscope. The results indicate that the most severe erosion occurs in oxygen atmosphere and the slightest erosion occurs in carbon dioxide atmosphere, which can be attributed to the differences in arc energy. According to the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the oxidation reactions in oxygen and carbon dioxide atmospheres produce CuO, Cr₂O₃, and CrO₃, while no new compounds are formed in argon atmosphere.