Mo和W在镍基单晶高温合金中的作用研究进展综述

Research Progress of Effects of Mo and W on Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloys

摘要:

镍基单晶高温合金因其优异的高温性能而广泛应用于航空发动机涡轮叶片的制备。经过几十年的发展，国外已发展至第六代镍基单晶高温合金，合金体系中的Re和Ru等贵重金属元素的含量也不断增加。贵重元素的添加导致合金的成本和密度上升，对合金的研制和批量商业化应用不利。Mo和W作为较低成本的强化元素，在镍基单晶高温合金中发挥了重要的作用。Mo 和W在镍基单晶高温合金中的作用已有较为广泛的研究，本文简单综述了Mo和W在镍基单晶高温合金中对微观结构，包括元素分布、γ/γ′相两相结构、组织稳定性等方面，以及高温持久性能、对凝固缺陷和抗氧化及抗热腐蚀性等的影响，并提出了未来潜在的研究方向。

Abstract:

Ni-based single crystal superalloys have been widely applied to turbine blades of aero-engines due to improved mechanical properties at high-temperature environments. There were great progresses on alloy design and sixth-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloys have been developed in the last decades. However, contents of refractory elements such as Re and Ru increase consistently. Additions of refractory elements lead to increase of cost and density of superalloys, which is not beneficial to massive application of alloys. Mo and W are potent solid-solution strengthener with lower cost, and they could serve as main strengthener in single crystal superalloys with low densities and costs. The effects of Mo and W on single crystal superalloys have been widely researched. The present work reviewed research from distribution of elements, microstructure of γ phase and γ′ phase, microstructural stability, creep properties, solidification defects and oxidation and hot corrosion resistance at high temperatures. Finally, we analyzed the current shortcomings of related research and pointed out the potential direction of future research.