应用铅铋共晶合金冷却剂面临挑战及解决方案

Challenges and Solutions to the Application of Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Alloy Coolant

摘要:

铅铋共晶（LBE）合金具有化学活性低、热特性杰出、耐辐照等优秀特质，在核领域具有广泛的应用前景，是第四代核能系统铅冷快堆（LFR）冷却剂的首选材料。然而，高温、高流速、高密度的液态LBE会对核电材料造成严重腐蚀，威胁其服役安全。因此，全面认识与分析应用LBE所面临的挑战，对于解决LBE与结构材料相容性的关键科学和实际工程问题，以及核能的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文简介了LBE冷却剂的特点，系统地论述了近年来关于LBE腐蚀机理、影响因素的研究现状，针对目前3种主要解决方案的基本原理、防护机制及国内外最新研究进展进行了较为全面地分析。最后，总结了目前研究中存在的主要问题与不足，并展望了未来发展前景。

Abstract:

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloy has a wide application prospect in the nuclear fields because of its excellent characteristics such as low chemical activity, excellent thermal properties and radiation resistance. It is the first choice material for the fourth generation nuclear energy system lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) coolant. However, the densified liquid LBE with high temperature and turbulent flow rate will cause serious corrosion to the structural materials of the reactor, threatening its service safety. Thereby, a comprehensive understanding and analysis of the challenges faced by the application of LBE is of great significance not only for solving the key scientific and practical engineering problems of the compatibility between LBE and structural materials, but also for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. This work briefly introduces the characteristics of LBE coolant, systematically reviews the statu of the LBE corrosion mechanism and influencing factors in recent years. The basic principles, protection mechanisms and the latest research progress of the three main solutions, including controlling dissolved oxygen concentration, modification of structural materials and surface protective coating technology, are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the main problems and shortcomings in the current research are summarized, and the future development prospect is discussed.