ECAP制备超细晶生物医用钛及钛合金的研究进展

Progress of Ultrafine-Grain Ti and Its Alloys Prepared by ECAP for Biomedical Applications

摘要:

钛及钛合金由于质轻、弹性模量低、生物相容性佳和骨整合性优异，已成为应用最广泛的生物医学金属材料之一。然而，较低的塑性、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨损性能限制了其发展和应用。剧烈塑性变形被认为是对金属材料最有效的晶粒细化方法之一，其中，等通道转角挤压（ECAP）是制备块状超细晶（UFG）/纳米晶金属材料的常用技术。通过ECAP变形，可以制备具有优异综合性能的UFG钛及钛合金。本文综述了生物医用UFG钛及钛合金的ECAP制备方式，着重讨论了ECAP变形对钛及钛合金的组织、力学性能、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨损性能的影响，分析了钛及钛合金的ECAP变形机制和晶粒细化机制，提出了通过ECAP变形结合传统塑性加工和变形后热处理来进一步优化钛及钛合金综合性能的想法。

Abstract:

Ti and its alloys have become one of the most widely used biomedical metal materials due to their lightweight, low elastic modulus, excellent biocompatibility, and superb osseointegration. However, their low plasticity, inferior corrosion resistance, and poor wear resistance restrict the development and applications of Ti and its alloys. Severe plastic deformation is considered as one of the most effective methods for grain refinement of metal materials. Additionally, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is the commonly used preparation method for bulk ultrafine-grain (UFG)/nanocrystalline metal materials. Through ECAP deformation, UFG Ti and its alloys with superior comprehensive properties can be prepared. In this research, the progress of ECAP preparation for biomedical UFG Ti and its alloys was reviewed. The effects of ECAP deformation on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of Ti and its alloys were discussed. The deformation and grain refinement mechanisms were analyzed. The development direction of further optimization in the properties of Ti and its alloys through ECAP coupled with traditional plastic working methods and post-deformation heat treatment was proposed.