几种阴极铜微观组织及力学性能对比

Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of several types of copper cathodes

摘要:

为了获得高品质的阴极铜,对国内四家公司传统电解法生产的阴极铜进行了微观组织及力学性能对比研究。通过XRD、OM、SEM对阴极铜微观形貌、晶粒尺寸、晶面取向及断口形貌进行分析,通过万能试验机、冲击试验机、显微硬度仪对电解铜板的力学性能进行分析。结果表明：四家公司传统电解法生产的阴极铜表面均在(220)晶面表现出强择优取向,织构的均匀化对晶粒细化有一定的作用,同时晶粒尺寸与力学性能之间存在一定的联系,表现为晶粒尺寸越小,材料强度、硬度、韧性越高,但晶粒的细化影响了材料的塑性变形能力,延伸率降低。另外,四家公司阴极铜均呈现出典型韧性断裂所具有的特征,在拉伸过程中出现的异常断裂现象表明结瘤等缺陷的存在会对阴极铜的性能造成巨大的影响。

Abstract:

In order to obtain high quality copper cathodes, a comparative study of microstructure and mechanical properties of copper cathodes produced by conventional electrolytic method from four domestic companies was carried out. The microstructure, grain size, grain orientation and fracture morphology of copper cathodes were analyzed by XRD, OM and SEM, and the mechanical properties of electrolytic copper sheets were analyzed by universal testing machine, impact testing machine and micro hardness tester. The results show that the surface of copper cathodes produced by the traditional electrolytic method of the four companies all show strong selective orientation on the (220) crystal surface, and the homogenization of the weave has a certain effect on the grain refinement, while there is a certain connection between the grain size and mechanical properties, which shows that the smaller the grain size, the higher the strength, hardness and toughness of the material, but the grain refinement affects the plastic deformation ability of the material and reduces the elongation. In addition, all four companies" copper cathodes show characteristics typical of ductile fracture, and the abnormal fracture phenomenon during the tensile process indicates that the presence of defects such as nodules can have a great impact on the performance of copper cathodes.