碳纳米管材料的制备及其应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation and Application of Carbon Nanotubes

摘要:

碳纳米管是由高度石墨化碳原子组成的管状结构,它的sp2轨道杂化结构使其具有独特的物理及化学性能,如机械强度高、吸附性能好、化学性能稳定、导电性好,在力学、电学和能源存储等方面都具有广泛的应用前景。然而,碳纳米管生长是一个非常复杂的过程,原料组成、制备方法和环境条件都会对碳纳米管的生长速度、形貌和性能产生重要影响。通过调控碳纳米管生长过程可以获得形状不一、性能不同的碳纳米管。本文综述了制备方法、衬底材料、催化剂、生长气氛对碳纳米管形貌和性能的影响,讨论了碳纳米管的生长机理,总结了碳纳米管在能源存储、材料增韧、催化产氢等领域的应用,分析了碳纳米管的制备和可控生长面临的问题及未来发展方向,以期为碳纳米管的可控生长、大规模制备提供参考。

Abstract:

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are tubular structures composed of highly graphitized atoms. Due to the sp2 hybrid electron orbital structure, CNTs possess a variety of fancy physical and chemical properties, such as high mechanical strength, excellent optical anisotropy and good electrical conductivity. Therefore, CNTs are promising advanced materials that can be used in areas of material strengthening, energy conversion and electronic devices. The structures and properties of CNTs can be tuned by regulating the growth environment of CNTs. Nevertheless, the growing process of CNTs is very complicated, and highly depended on raw material, preparation method and growth environment, which consequently determine the growth rate, microscopic morphologies and final properties of CNTs. Here, the effects of fabrication methods, substrates, catalysts, and growth environment on the microscopic morphologies and properties of CNTs are reviewed, and the growth mechanisms of CNTs are discussed. We also pay attention on the application of CNTs in the areas of energy storage, material toughening and catalytic hydrogen production. The present deficiencies and future development directions on the preparation and controlled growth of CNTs are figured out, which provides guidance for the controlled growth and large-scale preparation of CNTs.