金属铀在氧气、水汽及含氧水汽中腐蚀的动力学与机理研究现状

Research progress on the corrosion kinetics and mechanism of uranium metal in oxygen, water vapor and oxygenated water vapor

摘要:

金属铀是一种重要的战略核材料，在能源系统和国防工业中广泛应用。然而，金属铀在使役中极易被环境气氛快速腐蚀，不仅会产生放射性腐蚀产物还会对使用性能和寿命带来严重威胁。虽然金属铀的腐蚀相关研究已持续开展了数十年，但由于金属铀具有放射性、腐蚀速率快、腐蚀产物种类多等原因，导致目前对金属铀的腐蚀行为认识还不够清楚。本文基于金属铀在氧气、水汽和含氧水汽中的腐蚀行为的相关研究，简介了金属铀的典型腐蚀产物，从腐蚀动力学模型、腐蚀速率方程和活化能方面梳理了金属铀的腐蚀动力学研究现状，从腐蚀介质的解离扩散、以及关键中间腐蚀产物演化等方面综述了金属铀的腐蚀机理研究进展，总结了目前较为清晰和统一的认识，指出了当前该研究领域中仍存在的争议性问题，展望了未来的主要研究方向，为金属铀的腐蚀评估、寿命预测和腐蚀防护提供研究基础。

Abstract:

Uranium is an important strategic nuclear material, widely used in energy systems and defense industries. However, uranium is easily corroded quickly by the environmental atmosphere in service, which not only produces radioactive corrosion products but also poses a serious threat to service performance and life. Although research on the corrosion of uranium has been carried out for decades, the understanding of the corrosion behavior of uranium is not clear because of its radioactivity, fast corrosion rate, and various corrosion products. Based on the relevant research on the corrosion behavior of uranium in oxygen, water vapor, and oxygen-containing water vapor, this paper briefly introduces the typical corrosion products of uranium, and reviews the current research status of uranium corrosion kinetics from the aspects of corrosion kinetics model, corrosion rate equation and activation energy. This paper reviews the research progress on the corrosion mechanism of uranium from the aspects of the dissociation diffusion of corrosive media and the evolution of key intermediate corrosion products, summarizes the current clear and unified understanding, points out the current controversial issues in the research field, and looks forward to the main research directions in the future, providing research basis for the corrosion assessment, life prediction and corrosion protection of uranium.