通过轧制和水下爆炸焊接制造的铜/铝复合板的界面和力学性能比较

Interfacial and Mechanical Property Comparison of Cu/Al Composite Plates Manufactured by Rolling and Underwater Explosive Welding

摘要:

铜/铝复合材料因其轻质和优异的导电性能而被广泛应用于各行各业。然而，不同的制造方法对这些复合材料的界面结构和机械性能的影响仍然很大。在这项研究中，采用轧制和水下爆炸焊接技术制造了铜/铝复合板，系统地比较了它们的界面微观结构和力学性能。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子反向散射衍射分析了界面形态、晶粒取向、晶界特征和相分布。通过拉伸剪切试验、90°弯曲试验和硬度测量评估了机械性能，其中维氏硬度和纳米压痕试验进一步揭示了硬度分布。结果表明，轧制的铜/铝复合材料的扩散层相对脆弱，而通过水下爆炸焊接生产的复合材料则具有约 18 μm 厚的扩散层，通过原子扩散进行冶金结合。这些复合材料的拉伸剪切强度介于 64.14 至 70.84 MPa之间，水下爆炸焊接样品在 90° 三点弯曲试验中表现出更优越的弯曲性能。这项研究阐明了不同制造方法对铜/铝复合材料界面性能和机械性能的影响，为选择制造方法和应用提供了重要启示。

Abstract:

Cu/Al composites are widely utilized across various industries due to their lightweight and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the impact of different manufacturing methods on the interfacial structure and mechanical properties of these composites remains significant. In this study, Cu/Al composite plates were fabricated using rolling and underwater explosive welding techniques to systematically compare their interfacial microstructure and mechanical performance. Interface morphology, grain orientation, grain boundary characteristics, and phase distribution were analyzed through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. Mechanical properties were assessed using tensile shear tests, 90° bending tests, and hardness measurements, with Vickers hardness and nanoindentation tests providing further insight into hardness distributions. The results indicate that the diffusion layer in rolled Cu/Al composites is relatively fragile, while those produced by underwater explosive welding feature a diffusion layer approximately 18 μm thick, metallurgically bonded through atomic diffusion. The tensile shear strength of these composites ranges from 64.14 to 70.84 MPa, with superior flexural performance demonstrated in the 90° three-point bending test by the underwater explosive welded samples. This study elucidates the effects of distinct manufacturing methods on the interfacial properties and mechanical performance of Cu/Al composites, offering essential insights for selection of manufacturing method and application.