Abstract:The surface modification of the material prepared by nano-technology becomes one of the recent trends in development of biomaterials. This paper reviews the progress on nano-apatite coatings and self-assembled monolayers on biomedical titanium surfaces so as to provide material engineers and scientists as well as concerned readers with information.

Abstract:Boron is a promising element for hydrogen storage alloys. Boron and its compounds used as an additive in negative electrode materials in metal hydridenickel battery will dramatically improve the performances of hydrogen storage alloys electrode. The influence of boron addition on the mechanical properties, dynamic properties and thermodynamic properties of hydrogen storage alloys is reviewed. The control of boron content in the alloys is of great importance for improving the performances MH-Ni batteries

Abstract:Carbon-fiber-reinforced cement-based composites were prepared and their fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The reflectivities of the composites in the frequency ranges of 4-8 GHz and 8-18 GHz were measured by using the Naval Research Laboratory testing system to assess the electromagnetic interference through investigating the influence of carbon fiber contents of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 wt% on their reflectivities. Results showed that all of the measured reflectivities data were less than -10 dB in the lower frequency range and there was mainly absorption of electromagnetic waves. However, the reflectivity was more than -10 dB when the fiber mass fraction was over 0.6% in the higher frequency range, and the electromagnetic waves were mainly reflected. As the mass fraction increased, the reflectivity changed. The minimum reflectivity in the lower frequency range was -15.1 dB when the mass fraction was 0.6%, whereas that in the higher frequency range was -19.3 dB when the mass fraction was 0.4%.

Abstract:通过Ti6A14V／TA1扩散偶的制备及其热处理试验，运用OPM，SEM以及EDS技术对扩散连接区域的组织、形貌、成分进行分析。结果表明：扩散连接界面充分结合，合金元素A1和V从Ti6A14V侧向TA1侧扩散，而Ti原子向Ti6A14V侧扩散，其成分过渡区满足抛物线规律；同时，根据柯勒方程，借助米德玛生成热模型，从热力学上推导三元体系的计算公式，得出热力学相互作用因子，并根据求得溶质元素的互扩散系数，通过唯象公式的数值解法，得出扩散元素在连接界面处的理论浓度分布图：实验值与理论模拟结果吻合得很好，因此，能够很好的预测扩散连接界面相关元素的浓度分布。

Abstract:研究了ZL205A铝合金在近液相线不同等温温度和等温时间条件下的微观组织转变规律。结果表明，a（A1）晶粒直径与等温时间满足关系式r^-3-r0^3=k^1-t。系数k＇值随等温温度变化，在622℃和631℃条件下对应的k＇值分别为4．288×10^10m^3／s和5．962×10^-10m^3／s。实验合金的等温过程基本上分为球化预备阶段、球化阶段和长大粗化阶段。等温温度提高，固相体积分数也随之降低，有利于加速。α（Al）晶粒球化和获得均匀的球状等轴固相颗粒。实验合金等温组织演变过程是溶质传输和空位扩散、以及液固界面张力共同作用的结果。溶质扩散作用在开始阶段起主导作用，而界面张力在中后期占主要作用。

Abstract:In order for making efficient use of the cold crucible, optimizing technological parameters and obtaining perfect metallurgy quality billets, the temperature fields of the cold crucible continuous melting and directional solidification of Ti6Al4V have been calculated. Boundary conditions were determined according to the feeding billet and fresh billet formed by induction heating, the meniscus formed by electromagnetic force. The meniscus shape was obtained from the parabola approaching the experimental one. Continuous casting was achieved by distinguishing from the moving unit at different positions. The calculation results under the conditions of 52 kW and 3 mm/min velocity show that the feeding billet begin to melt at 45 s and the meniscus was formed at 70s, then the melt had superheat degree and the skull was formed, the melt reached the highest temperature at 115 s. The feeding billet was melted completely and the temperature field was steady, the shape and the position of solidification front were invariable in the process of continuous melting and directional solidification. The solidification front was planar in the middle but upwarp on both sides, most of heat was transferred in axial direction. Experimental results are agreement with the calculation results, which proves that the procedure is accurate for calculating the temperature field of cold crucible continuous melting and directional solidification.

Abstract:The comparative study of contact fatigue properties between the n-SiO2/Ni coating and the nickel coating prepared by electro-brush plating was carried out by means of microstructure characterization and taking account of effect of heat treatment on it. Results showed that the microstructure of n-SiO2/Ni composite coating was finer and the distribution of nano-particles incorporated in the nickel matrix was uniformly dispersive. The contact fatigue life of the heat-treated n-SiO2/Ni coating was over 1.3 million cycles, and 4.67 times that of the nickel coating, and almost equivalent to that of the as-deposited n-SiO2/Ni coating. The fracture zones of the heat-treated n-SiO2/Ni coating exhibited the feature of plastic deformation. The heat treatment can improve the ability of plastic deformation during the contact fatigue processes.

Abstract:采用XRD，SEM，EDX，TEM，DTA等试验分析手段及快淬方法对MgToZn28Y2准晶合金凝固过程、凝固组织以及对和准晶形成相关的包晶反应初生相进行了研究。Mg70Zn28Y2合金铸态组织由α-Mg枝晶，Mg7Zn3基体相和二十面体准晶相组成。在铸态Mg-Zn-Y合金中观察到了完美的呈5次旋转对称性的平衡态准晶晶体外形。Mg70Zn28Y2合金凝固过程中准晶由包晶反应生成。差热分析显示包晶反应初生相在563℃形成，准晶形成的温度为416℃。能谱分析结果显示包晶反应初生相的成分为Mg22.94Zn55.73Y21.33。通过快淬方法保留的包晶反应初生相呈现粗大枝晶状。然而，通过背散射图片中所观察到准晶中的残留包晶初生相尺寸较小。

Abstract:对等离子法制备的400nm厚Cu膜-Si（100）基底系统（退火温度为300℃）进行了纳米压入实验，目的是寻找一种可靠的软金属薄膜本征模量的评定方法。研究结果表明：基于等模量假设的计算方法可以有效避免材料堆积行为和最小化基底效应对薄膜弹性模量评定的显著影响。结合使用连续刚度测试（CSM）技术，Oliver—Pharr分析法中材料蠕变及热漂移行为的误差影响因素也被消除。利用这种方法得到的Cu膜弹性模量为（92．2±1．8）GPa，和文献值符合较好。与通用的利用数学模型从复合模量中分离出薄膜模量的方法相比，这种方法更为准确和简便。

Abstract:采用冷拉拔制备了Cu-6％Ag及Cu-12％Ag纤维相复合强化合金线材，研究了组织纤维化对Cu—Ag合金强度与弹性模量的影响。随变形程度的增加，合金抗拉强度和弹性模量在明显升高后趋于饱和。Cu-12％Ag合金比Cu-6％Ag合金有更高的应变硬化速率和抗拉强度。在较低变形程度范围内，Cu-6％Ag合金的弹性模量高于Cu-12％Ag合金。在较高变形程度范围内，Cu-6％Ag合金的弹性模量低于Cu-12％Ag合金。纤维化组织中的高密度晶体缺陷使得两种Ag含量的合金弹性模量均低于理论预测值。合金的强度和弹性模量主要取决于共晶体数量、相界面密度、变形抗力及两相之间的变形协调行为。

Abstract:研究了Nb／Ti扩散的特性和机理以及经过相同时间、不同温度时效热处理的Nb／Ti扩散偶样品中NbTi合金层的厚度、保温结束后淬火与炉冷的扩散偶样品中NbTi合金层微观结构的区别，讨论了它们对NbTi超导体微观结构和性能的影响。研究表明通过选择合适的扩散制度能获得理想的微观结构和制备出高性能的NbTi超导线材。

Abstract:采用阳极氧化法在钛片上制备了垂直排列的TiO2纳米管阵列，利用SEMXRD对纳米管阵列的形貌和结构进行了表征，并通过电化学交流阻抗谱、光照开路电位谱和瞬态光电流谱技术对纳米管阵列电极的光电化学特性进行了研究。实验结果表明，TiO2纳米管的内径约为90nm，管壁约为10nm，纳米管阵列厚度约为500nm，经600℃退火处理后，转变为锐钛矿型与金红石型的混晶结构。光电测试结果表明，随着退火温度升高，TiO2纳米管阵列电极的界面电荷转移电阻减小，光电流逐渐增大，光照开路电压增大，至600℃达到最大，当退火温度继续升高，电极的光电性能急剧下降。与TiO2纳米多孔膜电极相比，光电性能显著提高，这主要归因于TiO2纳米管阵列更大的孔隙率和比表面积。

Abstract:根据固体与分子经验电子理论，通过键距差（BLD）方法，计算了金属间化合物WSi2的价电子结构和理论结合能。结果表明，WSi2理论结合能为1859．5kJ／mol，与实验值吻合。WSi2晶体中，沿〈331〉位向分布的W—Si键的键能最大，EA=33．397kJ／mol，且有32个等同键数，是晶体熔化时必须破坏的主干键络，因而WSi2具有高熔点。WSi2晶体中含有较高密度的晶格电子，使WSi2具有良好的导电性。WSi2晶体中键络分布不均匀性是导致晶体脆性的主要原因。

Abstract:A mathematical model for the calculation of TiAl alloy evaporation and deposition was developed. The activity coefficients of the elements represent the interaction between the components in the liquid pool. It is found that the main parameters affecting the evaporation rate include the activity coefficients and saturation vapor pressures of the elements. Experimental data are coincided with calculated data well. The results show that TiAl alloy can be deposited using the so-called single-crucible consisting of a water-cooled copper crucible with the base material being fed continuously through the bottom of the crucible.

Abstract:研究了超细晶硬质合金VC／Cr3C2抑制剂作用及抑制机理。研究发现复合添加VC／Cr3C2可以有效抑制WC—10Co合金烧结过程中晶粒的连续长大，合金平均晶粒尺寸为0．5μm，具有较高TRS（横向断裂强度TransverseRuptureStrength）和硬度。TEM和EDS分析发现抑制剂元素的主要存在方式是溶解在粘结相中且分布均匀，未发现抑制剂元素偏聚和第二相析出，说明抑制机理在于抑制剂元素溶入粘结相Co后，显著降低W，C在Co中的溶解度，使液相烧结阶段WC晶粒的溶解一析出过程受到阻碍，从而抑制液相烧结阶段的晶粒连续长大。

Abstract:研究了电磁成形大宽厚比板状件的感应加热特性，推导了电磁成形大宽厚比板状件单位体积感应加热功率公式。结果表明：中小尺寸的大宽厚比板状件角部感应加热功率与角部半径的平方成正比，角部半径越小，感应加热功率越小，板状件角部越难以熔化。单频磁场条件下，板状件角部和宽面部分均匀熔化的条件是板状件角部半径大于等于板状件宽面处电流透入深度。角部半径小于板状件宽面处电流透入深度时，电磁场难以使板状件角部和宽面部分均匀熔化。针对角部半径小于宽面处电流透入深度的板状件，提出双频电磁成形的方法，并成功制备出具有预设横截面形状的大宽厚比耐热不锈钢板状件。

Abstract:A 2-D nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model was developed. Numerical simulation of vacuum hot bulge forming process of titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece was carried out using the FE software MSC.Mrac. The temperature field and displacement field of vacuum hot bulge forming process of titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece were calculated using the model. The corresponding experiments were carried out. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, The wall thickness effects of the cylindrical workpiece were simulated numerically using the developed model. The relationships between bending angle of cylindrical workpiece and wall thickness, between maximum bulge height and wall thickness and between residual stress and wall thickness were discussed under certain technical conditions during the vacuum hot bulge forming process. The results will lay a theoretic foundation for optimizing technical parameters of vacuum hot bulge forming of titanium alloy in future manufacturing process.

Abstract:通过用纳米压入法和静态拉伸法对β-Ti丝、不锈钢丝以及3种NiTi丝进行弹性模量的测量。实验表明，纳米压入法弹性模量比静态拉伸法弹性模量大，并且材料的弹性模量越低，二者相差越大，其原因同试样的表面硬化层和尺寸效应有关。通过分析比较，建立了金属丝弹性模量的纳米压入法和静态拉伸法所得值之间的相关关系。

Abstract:利用电弧熔炼及铜模快速铸造的方法，制备Zr412Ti13.8Cu125Ni10Be225块体非晶合金，通过电化学方法向块体非晶中充入氢。研究了氢对块体非晶合金电子结合能和电阻率的影响。结果表明：氢能够提高非晶合金原子的电子结合能；当氢容量等于29％（摩尔分数，下同）时，电阻率无明显的变化；氢容量等于62％和92％时，电阻率随着氢容量的增加显著降低；并且，充氢使电阻率突变温度降低。

Abstract:研究了改变Thermo—Span合金的Al，Cr含量对合金热膨胀系数、力学性能和650℃氧化性能的影响。当合金中Al含量由0．45％提高到1．5％，Cr含量由5．5％降低到3．0％，合金20～800℃的膨胀系数显著降低，650℃，600MPa的光滑持久性能由354h提高到597h，室温拉伸强度明显增大，650℃，100h氧化速率稍有提高。Al含量增加，γ‘相析出增多。Cr含量较高时，氧化层和基体界面处的Cr浓度较高，提高了抗氧化性。降低Cr含量，提高Al含量，氧化层与基体界面处的Cr富集程度降低，Al的富集程度提高，合金的抗氧化性虽然有所降低，但幅度不大，仍保持为完全抗氧化级别。

Abstract:以PZT5和（Mg0.5Zn0．5）Fe2O4为原料，合成了不同配比的铁电／铁磁复相材料。XRD和SEM研究结果表明复相材料中只含有钙钛矿结构的PZT5和尖晶石结构的（Mg0.5Zn0.5）Fe2O4，无杂相生成，这说明共烧过程中两者没有发生明显的化学反应。介电频谱表明，相对介电常数随PZT5含量的增加而增加（测试频率在30MHz以下），介电温谱表明，居里温度随频率升高而向高温移动（其值分别为250，300，326，372℃）。电滞回线呈现了材料的漏电流较大的特点。磁滞回线表明，这种复相材料具有亚铁磁性，饱和磁化强度随铁氧体含量的增加而增加。性能测试表明，这种由PZT5和（Mg0.5Zn0.5）Fe2O4共同组成的复相材料对外同时表现出铁电性和铁磁性。

Abstract:采用三元微观相场动力学模型，模拟研究了973，1173，1253K时效温度下，Ni75Al15Fe10合金中γ’相的早期沉淀过程。通过对该合金原子显微形貌，长程序参数和浓度及Fe原子在不同格点占位分数随时间演化的模拟计算分析得出：随着温度的升高，Ni75Al15Fe10合金的沉淀机制由等成分有序化兼失稳分解机制向非经典形核长大机制过渡；γ’相沉淀析出的孕育期变长；Fe原子在B格点的占位越来越困难，占位几率降低；合金沉淀析出的γ’相为单一Ll2结构的Ni3（AlFe）复合相。

Abstract:利用一种新模型分析了纳米晶镁粉的吸放氢动力学，量化了球磨和添加剂Pd对镁粉吸放氢动力学性能的改善效果。结果表明，球磨能大幅度降低氢化反应活化能，提高镁粉的氢化速率30倍。添加1％（质量分数）Pd的纳米镁粉（30nm）的吸放氢速率比未添加Pd的纳米镁粉（30nm）的吸氢速率提高6．6倍。模型计算出30nmMg-1％Pd（质量分数）合金的吸氢活化能为38．74kJ／molH2。

Abstract:研究了形变态Cu-10Ag和Cu-10Ag-RE合金原位纤维复合材料时效强化效应。在300℃以下温度时效显示连续沉淀并导致合金强化，在300℃以上温度时效显示不连续沉淀，析出片层状Ag沉淀并与Cu基体保持共格位向关系。在真应变η=6时效，合金具有高的时效强化效应，其极限拉伸强度增幅可达约12％；而在真应变η=9．8时效，时效强化效应减弱，极限拉伸强度增幅约4％-5％。微量Ce或Y添加剂提高Cu-10Ag合金的时效强化效应及不连续沉淀温度。

Abstract:The plasma sprayed tungsten coatings were prepared on oxygen free copper substrates, which are to be used as the plasma-facing materials of the divergent components in fusion reactors. The influences of different interlayers on bonding strengths of the plasma-sprayed tungsten coatings were compared. The morphologies and compositions of the coatings were observed and analysed by SEM, EDS. It was found that the bond between copper and the coating was relatively loose, and the bond between tungsten and the coating was relatively dense. Tensile tests indicated that the tungsten coating without any interlayer showed higher bonding strength than that of the other specimens.

Abstract:The nickel based self-lubricating materials containing different contents of BN were prepared by not-pressing technology of powder metallurgy. The morphologies of worn surfaces and the fracture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and metallurgical microscope. The influences of different hot-pressing temperature and contents of BN on mechanical and tribological properties of the material were studied. The results showed that increasing of hot-pressing temperature leaded to good mechanical properties and tribological properties of material as well as the decreasing of porosity. The Ni-Cr/10%BN had worse tribological properties compared with Ni-Cr/11%BN because decreasing of content of BN cannot form continuous lubricating film on the friction surface or the flaking lubricating film can not be supplied on time.

Abstract:对不同变形量的合金丝进行了再结晶退火试验。根据Arrhenius公式计算出再结晶激活能Q＊结果表明，TaTi合金的再结晶速率随变形的增加而增大，这种情况是由于再结晶形核激活能（Q）的降低所致。

Abstract:Lanthanum oxide was introduced to molybdenum powder by liquid-liquid doping and liquid-solid doping, respectively. Mo-La2O3 alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy technology. The particle size distribution and feature of doped particles were investigated by SEM and TEM. The distribution of doped particles in matrix was analyzed, the tensile property of the molybdenum alloy wire was tested, the mechanism of the influence of La2O3 particle on tensile property of Mo-La2O3 alloys was discussed by dislocation pile-up theory. The results show that liquid-liquid doping method can refine La2O3 particles and makes them dispersed uniformly in matrix. The tensile property of the molybdenum alloy wire with 0.6 mm diameter liquid-liquid-doped is better than that liquid-solid-dopinged.

Abstract:分别采用混合氢氧化物法和溶胶．凝胶法制备了三元的锂离子电池LiNi0．4Co0．2Mn0．4O2正极材料。采用XRD，SEM以及BET等方法对正极材料进行表征，并对其电化学性能进行测试。实验结果表明，不同的合成方法和工艺条件导致了材料的晶相结构、表观形貌、比表面积以及电化学性能上的差异。LiNi0．4Co0．2Mn0．4O2正极材料中出现的阳离子相互占位将导致其电化学性能变差。与溶胶．凝胶法制备的样品相比，混合氢氧化物法制备的样品具有较高的比表面积（3．2m2／g）和较高的放电比容量。在充放电电压范围为2．5～4．3V、充放电电流为20mA／g条件下，混合氢氧化物法所制备样品的首次放电比容量为180．1mAh·g^-1，20次循环后放电容量为160．2mAh·g^-1，并显示出较好的循环稳定性。

Abstract:Friction and wear performances were investigated using gas tungsten arc welds and the friction stir welds of LF2 aluminum alloy, and three sorts of revolution speeds, e.g. 480, 1200, 2400 r/min were adopted. The result showed that the friction stir weld showed much better wear-resistance performance than the gas tungsten arc welds under the same condition. There was almost no difference of wear mass loss at 480 r/min. The wear mass loss of friction stir welds was about 4~6 times less that of the gas tungsten arc welds at the other two speeds. The morphologies of the surfaces of worn welds were observed, it was found that the surface of gas tungsten arc welds presented plough ditch and spalling, and the friction stir welds presented mild fatigue wear.

Abstract:通过改变激光快速成形过程中激光功率、扫描速度、搭接率、Z轴增量AZ等工艺参数，研究了各工艺参数对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织及成形质量的影响规律。结果表明：随着激光功率尸的提高，柱状晶的长度逐渐变短并转变为类似等轴晶的不规则晶粒；在相同的激光功率下，柱状晶的尺度随着激光扫描速度矿的增加变得细且长；当P／V值大于933W·s／mm时，晶粒呈现等轴晶形态。存在一个临界搭接率，当搭接率为30％时，成形件内部组织基本质量良好，只是在靠近基材区域有少量的熔合不良；如搭接率小于30％，两相邻熔覆道之间的搭接区将出现形状不规则的熔合不良现象。另外，△Z过小会造成重熔深度变大，层与层的结合处组织粗大；△Z过大时会造成层间熔合不良。

Abstract:Silver nanocubes synthesized by hydrothermal-Induced method were prepared into substrates using two different methods. The morphologies of these two substrates were different from each other. On one substrate, the nanoparticles congregated into congeries which were monodisperse, but another was a continuous film. SERS activities of silver substrates were detected by using RhB as probe molecule The results showed that the former has better SERS activity. The mechanism of SERS effect was also discussed.

Abstract:采用原位氧化法在氢化锆表面制备了氢渗透阻挡层，分析了工艺参数对氧化层生长的影响，借助XRD，XPS，SEM等分析测试手段对氧化层的物相组成和截面形貌进行分析，并对氧化层的阻氢效果进行检测。结果表明，氧化层的质量增量随氧化温度的升高而增大，在氧分压为0．1MPa，550℃恒温氧化2h的工艺条件下，在氢化锆表面制得了厚度为50～60um的氧化层；该氧化层主要为Baddeleyite结构的ZrO2；氧化层中含有O，Zr，C等元素并存在O-H键；氧化层均匀、致密，具有一定的阻氢作用。

Abstract:为了解决富氧条件下NOx排放问题，在发动机台架上对以乙醇作为还原剂时Ag／Al2O3的特性进行了实验研究，同时对Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／TiO2和Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／TiO2＋Pt／TiO2两种组合催化剂降低NOx的效果进行了对比分析。研究表明：Ag／Al2O3具有很好的NOx去除活性；与Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／TiO2相比，Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／TiO2＋Pt／TiO2催化剂组合具有更好的去除NOx并抑制THC和CO排放升高的综合性能。将Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／TiO2＋Pt／TiO2应用在实验发动机上，在EurolHESC工况下取得了64％的稳态Nq转化效率，并保持THC和CO排放基本不变。另外，本文也分析了组合催化剂对微粒（PM）各组分的影响。

Abstract:The hydrogen storage alloys were prepared using induction melting followed by heating treatment and melt spun. The effect of melt spun on the phase structure, microstructure and electrochemical properties of La2Mg0.9Ni7.5Co1.5Al0.1 was investigated systematically XRD analysis shows that the obvious change of the phase composition of the La2Mgo.gNi7.5Co1.5Al0.1 alloy took place with the increase of quenching rate. The annealed alloy consists of aLa2Ni7 main phase with Ce2Ni7 type structure and a little LaNi3 second phases with PuNi3 type structure. With the increase of quenching rate, the LaNis phase with CaCus type structure and LaMgNi4phase with MgCu4Sn type structure appear in the alloys, the content of the new phases increases but the content of aLa2Ni7 phase and LaNij phase decreases. EPMA analysis indicates that the La2Mg0.9Ni7.5Co1.5Al0.1 alloys prepared by melt spun have fine columnar crystal structure. The electrochemical measurement shows that the quenching rate has little effect on the activation property but the maximum discharge capacity and the high rate discharge ability decrease with the increase of quenching rate. It has a little improvement of the cyclic stability at the lower quenching rate as 5m/s, but the alloy electrode demonstrates better cyclic stability with the further increase of quenching rate as 20 m/s

Abstract:以金属铟和结晶四氯化锡为原料，采用溶胶．凝胶工艺，用浸渍提拉法在石英玻璃基体上制备ITO透明导电薄膜。采用XRD，AFM，四探针电阻率仪，紫外分光光度计对薄膜的晶型结构，表面形貌，方电阻和透光率进行了测定和分析，研究了热处理温度和提拉层数对薄膜光电性能的影响。结果表明：随着热处理温度的升高，薄膜的方电阻显著降低，透光率也不断增大，但是当后处理温度大于750℃时，透光率略有降低，方电阻仍然降低。

Abstract:采用脉冲电沉积法制备Pt—Ru．Eu／C电催化剂，循环伏安法（cv）测定催化剂的甲醇电氧化活性，用XRD，EDS和XPS表征电极及催化剂的物性结构、表面元素组成和价态形式。结果表明，电催化剂中Pt-Ru-Eu以合金的形式存在，在合金表面存在EuOx；合金微粒比表面积为55．8m^2．g^-1，粒径为4．6nm；掺杂适量稀土金属Eu对Pt．Ru合金活性有一定的促进效应，其中原子比为Pt：Ru：Eu=1：1：0．2时电催化活性较高。原子比过高则Pt-Ru-Eu活性低于Pt-Ru；在掺杂少量Eu时，Pt—Ru—Eu与Pt—Ru的Tafel常数b相近，常数a以Pt：Ru：Eu=1：1：0．2最小；甲醇反应级数为0．12级，反应活化能为28.3kJ·mol^-1。

Abstract:In order to improve the electrocatalytic activities of the Ti/TiO2 electrode, the nanotube TiO2 film was fabricated by anodic oxidation on TA1 samples, and then Ti/TiO2-Pt modified electrode was prepared through the deposition of Pt on the film. The compositions, crystal structures and surface morphologies before and after depositing were characterized with the aid of X-ray and FESEM. The results showed that Pt was deposited preferentially on the edge of the nanotube ostiums. The cyclic voltammetry and stationary current-potential curves indicated that the electrocatalytic activities of the Ti/TiO2 electrode of deposited Pt were improved evidently.

Abstract:采用直流电弧等离子体方法合成了硅与氮化钛纳米复合材料，利用XRD，TEM等手段研究了其微观结构。结果显示，得到的纳米颗粒由Si和TiN以及部分Cu0．1Si1.9Ti组成，其形状为球形，颗粒尺寸大多分布在10～50nm之间。用恒流充放电的方法研究了其作为锂离子电池负极的电化学行为，在锂的嵌入硅镍纳米颗粒的过程中，Si充当活性中心，而其中的TiN和Cu0.1Si1.9Ti作为惰性成分，不与Li反应，充当缓冲基体及导电剂的作用。当电流密度为150mA·g^-1时，电极的循环稳定性最好，首次可逆容量为737mAh·g^-1，20次循环后容量仍为542mAh·g^-1。在O．05～0．8V的电位区间的循环稳定性是最好的。

Abstract:采用还原反应制备了约15nm的钴硼（COB）金属粉，为了防止纳米金属粉在空气中被氧化，通过化学置换反应制备了银包纳米CoB（Ag-CoB）的纳米核壳金属粉，其形貌与组成分别通过电子透射显微镜（TEM）与X射线衍射（XRD）进行表征。对纳米金属粉（Ag-CoB）与未包银的CoB金属粉的抗氧化性通过热重分析进行了对比，另外，利用差热分析对两种金属粉对高氯酸铵（AP）的催化热分解作用进行了比较。结果表明：（Ag-CoB）金属粉的抗氧化效果好；纳米CoB金属粉和包银后的Ag-CoB金属粉对AP的催化效果都较好，经过包银后的Ag-CoB金属粉对AP的催化效果明显好于未包银的金属粉，达到了包覆的目的。