增材制造难熔铌合金的新机遇

New Opportunities in Refractory Niobium Alloys via Additive Manufacturing

摘要:

难熔铌合金因其低密度、良好的室温塑性以及优异的高温强度与韧性，已成为航天领域热端部件的关键材料。然而，通过传统铸造方法制备铌合金，存在难以加工复杂几何形状零部件、以及周期长、成本高与材料利用率低等问题。近年来增材制造技术的迅速发展，不仅可以降低生产周期和成本，而且可以获得较高力学性能，为铌合金的进一步应用带来了新的机遇。本文综述了增材制造铌合金的研究现状，重点介绍了C-103和Nb521两代典型铌合金的激光与电子束增材制造研究现状，尤其是关于力学性能与微结构的调控。此外，还简单介绍了常见的铌合金种类以及增材制造方式。最后，提出了增材制造铌合金发展方向和仍需解决的问题。本文通过对增材制造铌合金领域的综述，为铌合金在航天领域复杂结构热端部件的应用提供了参考。

Abstract:

Due to their low density, good room-temperature plasticity, and excellent high-temperature toughness, refractory niobium alloys have been used in hot-end components in the aerospace field. However, niobium alloys prepared by traditional casting methods are difficult to process parts with complex geometries, and face problems such as long production time, high cost and high buy-to-fly ratio. The rapid development of additive manufacturing technique in recent years not only shortens production time and lowers cost but also achieves superior mechanical properties, presenting new opportunities for the further application of niobium alloys. To this end, this paper reviews the current state-of-the-art research on additive manufactured niobium alloys focusing on the laser and electron-beam additive manufacturing of two generations of typical niobium alloys (namely C-103 and Nb521), with specific attention to the control of their mechanical properties and microstructure. In addition, common types of niobium alloys and additive manufacturing techniques are briefly introduced. Finally, the review outlines future research directions and identifies remaining challenges for this field. By reviewing the current state of additive manufactured niobium alloys, this paper provides a reference for the further application of niobium alloys in the aerospace field for hot-end components with complex structures.