轧制和水下爆炸焊接制造的铜/铝复合板的界面和力学性能

Interfacial and Mechanical Properties of Cu/Al Composite Plates Manufactured by Rolling and Underwater Explosive Welding

摘要:

采用轧制和水下爆炸焊接技术制造了铜/铝复合板，比较了它们的界面微观结构和机械性能。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子背向衍射技术分析了界面形态、晶粒取向、晶界特征和相分布。通过拉伸剪切试验、90°弯曲试验和硬度测量评估了力学性能，其中维氏硬度和纳米压痕试验进一步揭示了硬度分布。结果表明，轧制的铜/铝复合材料中的扩散层相对较弱，而通过水下爆炸焊接产生的复合材料则具有约18 μm厚的通过原子扩散形成冶金结合的扩散层。这些复合材料的抗拉伸剪切强度介于64.45至70.84 MPa之间，水下爆炸焊接样品在90°三点弯曲试验中表现出更优越的弯曲性能。本研究阐明了不同制造方法对铜/铝复合材料界面性能和力学性能的影响，为选择制造方法和应用提供了重要启示。

Abstract:

Cu/Al composite plates were fabricated using rolling and underwater explosive welding techniques, separately, to compare their interfacial microstructures and mechanical performance. Interface morphology, grain orientation, grain boundary characteristics, and phase distribution were analyzed through optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron backscattered diffractometer. Mechanical properties were assessed using tensile shear tests, 90° bending tests, and hardness measurements. Vickers hardness and nanoindentation test results further provided information on the hardness distributions. Results indicate that the diffusion layer in rolled Cu/Al composites is relatively fragile, while that produced by underwater explosive welding features a diffusion layer of approximately 18 μm in thickness, which is metallurgically bonded through atomic diffusion. The tensile shear strength of these composites ranges from 64.45 MPa to 70.84 MPa, and in the 90° three-point bending test, the underwater-explosive-welded samples exhibit superior flexural performance. This study elucidates the effects of different manufacturing methods on the interfacial properties and mechanical performance of Cu/Al composites, offering essential insights for the selection of manufacturing methods and applications.