高纯钼粉制备中的形貌调控路径与发展趋势

Morphology Regulation Path and Development Trend in Preparation Techniques of High-Purity Molybdenum Powder

摘要:

高纯钼粉因其优异的高温力学性能、导电导热特性及耐腐蚀性，在航空航天、电子器件、核能及粉末冶金领域具有广泛应用。本文系统综述了高纯钼粉的制备方法，包括氢气还原、碳热还原、喷雾热解、低温熔盐辅助还原等工艺，并分析了不同制备方法对钼粉纯度、粒度分布、形貌演变及烧结性能的影响。已有研究显示，氢气还原法仍是目前最广泛应用的技术，优化还原温度、气氛及预处理工艺可有效降低杂质含量，改善粉体的均匀性。此外，喷雾热解及低温熔盐辅助还原等新兴技术在粒度可控性、球形化及纳米化方面展现出良好前景，可提高钼粉的流动性和烧结致密度。另外还展望了未来高纯钼粉制备的发展方向。未来研究应进一步优化前驱体选择与工艺参数，提高钼粉的纯度、粒度均匀性及形貌可控性，以满足高端制造业对高性能钼材料的需求。

Abstract:

High-purity molybdenum powder, owing to its excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance, has been widely applied in aerospace, electronic devices, nuclear energy, and powder metallurgy. This paper systematically reviewed the preparation methods of high-purity molybdenum powder, including hydrogen reduction, carbothermal reduction, spray pyrolysis, and low-temperature molten salt-assisted reduction. The effects of different preparation techniques on the purity, particle size distribution, morphological evolution, and sintering performance of molybdenum powder were analyzed. Among existing methods, hydrogen reduction is extensively applied, and research suggests that tuning reduction conditions can significantly influence impurity removal and morphological consistency. Additionally, emerging techniques, such as spray pyrolysis and low-temperature molten salt-assisted reduction, exhibit promising potential in particle size control, spheroidization, and nanostructuring, thereby enhancing powder flowability and sintering densification. Future research should further optimize precursor selection and process parameters to enhance the purity, particle size uniformity, and morphological control of molybdenum powder, meeting the growing demand for high-performance molybdenum materials in advanced manufacturing.