非晶合金催化降解污水：现状、影响因素与改性策略

Catalytic Degradation of Wastewater by Amorphous Alloys： Current Status， Influencing Factors， and Modification Strategies

摘要:

随着人类社会的快速发展，各类污水的排放量逐年增多，水污染等环境问题日益严重，寻求有效的污水处理方法已成为一种迫切需求。由于非晶合金是一种具有良好的表面活性、较低的氧化还原电位和优异的催化降解性能的亚稳态金属合金，被视作是解决以印染污水为主等各种污水的有效催化剂，目前已经在含有染料、农药等有机污染物和含有重金属、酸碱盐等无机污染物的污水处理方面开展了广泛研究，但其降解机制因污水的种类和非晶合金体系的不同而存在很大的差异，致使降解速率高低不同，因此选择合适的非晶合金成分和恰当的材料改性方法在实现污水高效降解上具有重要意义。本文就污水处理的常规技术，非晶合金的特性、潜质及其在污水处理中的应用、存在的问题等进行了总结，同时还系统介绍了各种化学参数等因素对非晶合金催化性能的影响和各种材料改性方法，以期能够为新型催化剂的研究提供有价值的参考。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of human society, the discharge of various types of sewage has increased year by year, and environmental problems such as water pollution have become increasingly serious. Seeking effective sewage treatment methods has become an urgent need. Due to its excellent surface activity, low oxidation-reduction potential, and outstanding catalytic degradation performance, amorphous alloys are regarded as effective catalysts for solving various types of wastewater, such as dyeing wastewater. Currently, extensive research has been conducted on the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants such as dyes and pesticides, as well as inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals and acid-base salts. However, the degradation mechanism of amorphous alloys varies greatly depending on the type of wastewater and the amorphous alloy system, resulting in different degradation rates. Therefore, selecting suitable amorphous alloy components and appropriate material modification methods is crucial for achieving efficient degradation of wastewater. This review summarized the conventional techniques for wastewater treatment, the characteristics and potential of amorphous alloys, their applications in wastewater treatment, and the existing problems. It also reviewed the influence of various chemical parameters and other factors on the catalytic performance of amorphous alloys, as well as various material modification methods, aiming to provide valuable references for the research of new catalysts.