增材制造多孔钽骨科植入材料研究进展

Research Progress of Additively Manufactured Porous Tantalum Orthopedic Implantable Material

摘要:

钽作为一种“亲生物”的高性能医用金属材料，被广泛应用于骨结构重建和骨功能修复领域。多孔钽骨科植入物具有优异的力学性能、生物学性能和体内骨融合以及骨长入性能，临床治疗效果突出。本论文在团队近年来研究工作基础上，结合文献分析，重点评述增材制造多孔钽材料的制备工艺、结构设计及优化、力学性能、生物学性能、体内骨融合和骨长入能力以及临床应用方面的最新研究进展。增材制造（3D打印）技术在多孔钽材料及骨科植入物领域的应用，为骨组织修复提供了新的解决方案，通过精准调控三维贯通仿生多孔结构，实现孔隙率、孔径分布及连通性的优化，模拟天然骨组织的孔道结构，为细胞迁移、营养物质传输及骨长入创造适宜的微环境。多孔钽材料展现出优异的静动态力学性能，其弹性模量与天然骨相匹配，有效避免应力屏蔽效应。多孔钽材料表现出显著的骨传导性，并与宿主骨组织形成稳定的界面结合，实现良好的骨整合效果。此外，增材制造技术能够基于患者医学影像数据，实现个性化定制植入物的高效制备，显著提高植入物的适配性和治疗效果。在临床应用方面，增材制造多孔钽材料在复杂骨缺损修复、关节置换及脊柱融合等人体骨功能重建和骨疾病治疗领域展现出广阔的应用前景。

Abstract:

Tantalum, as a high-performance biometallic material with bioaffinity, is widely used in bone structure reconstruction and bone function repair. Porous tantalum exhibits excellent mechanical properties, biological properties, as well as in vivo osseointegration and bone ingrowth performance, showing outstanding clinical treatment effectiveness. This review based on recent research of our team and combined with literature analysis, reviewed the latest research progress in additive manufactured porous tantalum materials, including fabrication processes, structural design and optimization, mechanical properties, biological properties (cell-material interactions), in vivo osseointegration and bone ingrowth capabilities, and clinical applications. In particular, additive manufactured porous tantalum materials and orthopedic implants allow for the precise design and regulation of three-dimensional interconnected biomimetic porous structures, excellent static and dynamic mechanical properties, and bone conduction and bonding abilities. These materials are easy to manufacture anatomically matched personalized products, with promising applications in the repair of bone defects and the treatment of bone diseases.