力学耦合相场模型在典型航空材料中的应用与展望

Application and Prospects of Mechanically-Coupled Phase-Field Models in Aeronautical Materials

摘要:

随着航空工业的快速发展，高温合金和钛基合金作为航空发动机及机体结构的核心材料，其微观组织调控与性能优化已成为保障装备可靠性的关键。力学耦合相场模型作为一种有效的材料微观组织演变模拟工具，能够衔接微观力学准则、介观组织模拟及宏观性能预测，揭示材料在热-力耦合场中微观组织演化与材料力学性能之间的内在联系，为航空材料的微观组织调控及性能评估提供了理论支撑。本文系统评述了力学耦合相场模型在高温合金与钛基合金等典型航空材料领域的研究进展，梳理了该模型在固态相变机理研究中的典型应用案例，内容涵盖了从弹性、弹塑性到考虑缺陷耦合作用的相场模型在高温合金中γ'相析出及筏化组织形成、钛基合金中典型析出相演变规律等方面的应用。同时，讨论了当前研究中面临的挑战，并展望了力学耦合相场模型在航空材料研究中的发展前景，最后特别指出了这类相场模型的热点问题及其未来发展方向。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of the aviation industry, superalloys and titanium-based alloys serve as core materials for aerospace engines and structural components, whose microstructure control and performance optimization are key factors to ensure equipment reliability. The mechanically-coupled phase-field model, as an effective tool for simulating microstructure evolution, bridges the gap among microscale mechanical principles, mesoscale microstructure simulation and macroscopic performance predictions. The model reveals the intrinsic connection between microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of materials in thermomechanical coupled field, providing theoretical support for the microstructure control and performance evaluation of aerospace materials. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress on mechanically-coupled phase-field models in the fields of typical aerospace materials, such as superalloys and titanium-based alloys. It outlined typical application cases of the model in investigating the mechanisms of solid-state phase transformation. This review encompassed applications of phase-field models from elastic and elastoplastic to defect-coupled formulations, addressing both γ′ phase precipitation and rafting in superalloys, as well as the evolution of precipitate phases in titanium-based alloys. Furthermore, it discussed the challenges in current research and provided an outlook on the future prospects of the mechanically-coupled phase-field model in aerospace material research. Lastly, it highlighted the key issues of this type of phase-field model and its future development directions.