GH4099高温合金激光粉末床熔融制备技术研究进展

Research Progress of GH4099 Superalloy Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

摘要:

GH4099作为一种典型γ'相强化型镍基高温合金，因其优异的高温性能、热稳定性、耐腐蚀性以及良好的抗疲劳性能和断裂韧性，被广泛应用于航空、航天、核电等极端服役环境的热端部件。激光粉末床熔融（laser powder bed fusion， LPBF）技术通过计算机辅助设计及激光快速成型，有效地解决了传统制造工艺在复杂构件成型过程中存在的加工周期冗长、工序协同性不足、材料利用率低下及成本高昂等技术瓶颈。本文从技术原理、凝固缺陷、微观组织和高温力学性能4个方面详细介绍了LPBF技术成型GH4099高温合金的研究进展，重点探讨了粉末特性、工艺参数、后处理技术（包括热处理和热等静压技术）等因素对LPBF成型GH4099高温合金缺陷调控及高温力学性能的影响规律，最后针对其在未来生产制造中的应用前景与发展趋势进行了总结与展望。

Abstract:

As a representative γ'-strengthened nickel-based superalloy, GH4099 is widely used in hot-end components under extreme service environments such as aviation, aerospace, and nuclear due to its excellent high-temperature performance, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, as well as fatigue resistance and fracture toughness. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique has effectively solved the technical bottlenecks such as prolonged processing cycle, insufficient process synergy, low material utilization, and high cost in the forming process of complex components by the traditional manufacturing technique. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in LPBF technique for the formation of GH4099 and delved into various aspects of GH4099 superalloys prepared by LPBF, including its technical principles, solidification defects, microstructure, and high-temperature mechanical properties. Furthermore, it focused on the influence of powder characteristics, process parameters, post-treatment techniques (including heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing technique), and other factors on the solidification defects and high-temperature mechanical properties of GH4099 superalloys prepared by LPBF. Finally, it summarized and outlined the application potential and development trends of this technique in future manufacturing.