核聚变装置用大厚度TU0/316L爆炸复合板界面微观组织特征与力学性能研究

Interfacial Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Thick TU0/316L Explosively Welded Clad Plates for Nuclear Fusion Devices

摘要:

针对核聚变装置“双盒搭接结构”对铜/不锈钢复合材料的高性能需求，本研究采用爆炸焊接制备大厚度TU0/316L复合板，通过微观表征与力学测试揭示界面特性与性能关联。结果表明：爆炸冲击下射流干涉与波阻抗差异诱导周期性波状界面（波长789 μm），波峰/波谷区域分别以熔融混合与固态扩散为主导，波谷扩散深度比波峰大。TU0侧晶粒发生动态再结晶，而316L侧晶粒细化至亚微米级。界面剪切强度（210 MPa）和拉脱强度（230 MPa）均超越铜基体极限，且弯曲实验无界面分层，证实其抗剥离能力优异。研究为核聚变极端工况下复合构件的界面设计与工艺优化提供了关键依据。

Abstract:

To meet the high-performance requirements of copper/stainless steel composite materials for the “double-box lap joint structure” in nuclear fusion devices, explosive welding was employed to fabricate thick TU0/316L clad plates. The interface characteristics and their correlation with performance were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical testing. Results show that jet interference and wave impedance differences under explosive impact induce a periodic wavy interface (with wavelength of 789 μm). Molten mixing dominates in wave crest regions while solid-state diffusion prevails in trough regions, with deeper diffusion observed in troughs. Dynamic recrystallization occurs in TU0-side grains, whereas 316L-side grains refine to submicron scale. The interface achieves remarkable shear strength (210 MPa) and pull-off strength (230 MPa), both exceeding the ultimate strength of copper matrix. Bend testing shows no interfacial delamination, confirming superior peeling resistance. This research provides critical insights for interface design and process optimization of composite components under extreme nuclear fusion conditions.