变形高温合金铸锭开裂原因及影响因素研究进展

Research Progress on Cracking Causes and Influencing Factors of Wrought Superalloy Ingots

摘要:

随着高性能航空发动机对材料性能要求的日益提升，变形高温合金的合金化程度持续增加，高合金化铸锭在热应力与相变应力的综合作用下极易发生开裂。铸锭一旦开裂，严重干扰后续重熔过程的稳定性，导致铸锭的废品率升高，对最终产品的性能和可靠性也会产生不可逆的影响。铸锭开裂作为熔炼过程中的一种复杂冶金缺陷，已成为制约我国高合金化变形高温合金锭型扩大化生产的关键技术瓶颈。鉴于此，本文综述了近年来国内外关于变形高温合金铸锭在三联熔炼过程中开裂原因的研究成果，深入剖析了裂纹形成的影响因素，针对不同开裂原因提出相应的控制措施，展望了铸锭开裂的未来研究方向，旨在为实现零缺陷高温合金材料的制备提供理论依据与技术参考。

Abstract:

To meet the growing demand for enhanced material properties of aero-engines, the alloying element content of wrought superalloys is increasing, which leads to the difficulty of ingot casting. Excessive addition of alloying elements in superalloys tend to induce cracking under the combined action of thermal stress and phase transformation stress. Once cracks occur, it will not only interfere with the stability of process parameters such as current and voltage in the subsequent remelting process, but also raise scrap rate of the ingot, and exert an irreversible impact on the performance and reliability of the final product. Cracks in ingot, as a complex metallurgical defect during superalloy casting, has become a critical technological bottleneck, restricting the size scaling of high-alloyed superalloy ingots. Then, this paper reviews the recent research progress on the causes of cracking in wrought superalloy ingots during triple-melting processes, as well as various influencing factors in crack formation. Corresponding inhibition measures are also proposed for different cracking causes. The research direction of ingot cracking is prospected, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for producing defect-free superalloy materials.