粉末床熔融增材制造难熔金属材料研究进展

Research Progress on Refractory Metal Prepared by Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

摘要:

增材制造技术（additive manufacturing，AM）的发展为高熔点难熔金属（如钨、钼、钽、铌及其合金）复杂构件的近净成形带来了革命性的新机遇。然而，难熔金属材料因熔点高等固有属性，使其增材制造过程呈现出显著有别于其他金属材料的特殊性。本文基于激光选区熔化（selective laser melting，SLM）和电子束选区熔化（selective electron beam melting，SEBM）等金属粉末床熔融（powder bed fusion，PBF）增材制造技术，系统综述了钨、钼、钽、铌及其合金在增材制造领域的研究进展。重点聚焦于难熔金属粉末原料制备技术，以及成形过程中工艺缺陷（如孔隙率、裂纹、晶粒粗化等）调控策略和组织性能特点。此外，本文还总结了当前增材制造难熔金属在产业化进程中面临的关键挑战，并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

The development of additive manufacturing (AM) has brought innovative opportunities for the precision forming of high-melting-point refractory metals (such as tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, and their alloys). However, due to the inherent properties of refractory metals such as high melting point, their AM processes exhibit significant particularities different from those of other metal materials. Based on the metal powder bed fusion (PBF) AM techniques represented by selective laser melting (SLM) and selective electron beam melting (SEBM), this paper systematically reviewed the research progress of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, and their alloys in AM field. The research focused on the powder preparation technique of refractory metals, as well as the microstructure regulation strategies of typical process defects (such as pore, cracking, grain coarsening) during the forming process and mechanical properties of these alloys. In addition, this paper also summarized the key faced in the industrialization process of refractory metals prepared by AM and prospected the future development trends.