金属玻璃动态弛豫的数值模拟综述

Numerical Simulations of Dynamical Relaxations in Metallic Glasses: A Short Review

摘要:

金属玻璃是一种具有卓越力学性能的独特材料，其特性包括高强度、优异耐腐蚀性能以及高弹性。这些材料具有独特的动态弛豫过程，影响着其力学性能和热性能。理解金属玻璃的动态弛豫过程对在不同应用中的性能优化至关重要。由于实验技术的限制无法直接观察到原子层面的过程，导致无法轻易获得负责动态弛豫的详细机制。数值模拟是分析原子尺度上基本动态过程的有效方法，能够捕捉动态弛豫。计算技术的发展使研究人员在理解金属玻璃中动态弛豫背后的物理机制方面取得了巨大的进步。本文简要概述了金属玻璃动态弛豫数值模拟研究的现状，重点介绍了关键方法、重要发现、当前面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向。通过综述当前的研究成果，强调了在众多应用中，数值模拟对于改进金属玻璃（从结构材料到高性能部件）的设计和加工的重要性。

Abstract:

Metallic glasses are a unique class of materials with exceptional mechanical properties, including high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and significant elasticity. These materials display intriguing dynamical relaxation processes, which influence their mechanical and thermal properties. Understanding the dynamical relaxations in metallic glasses is crucial for optimizing their performance in various applications. Due to the restrictions of experimental techniques to access processes at the atomic level, the detailed mechanisms responsible for the dynamical relaxations cannot be easily obtained. Numerical simulations are potential candidates to analyze the elementary dynamical processes at the atomic scale and thus to capture the fundamental origin of dynamical relaxations. The development of computing has allowed researchers to reach an enormous advancement in the understanding of the physical mechanisms behind dynamical relaxations in metallic glasses. This review provided a brief overview of the current state of research in numerical simulations of dynamical relaxations in metallic glasses, highlighting key methodologies, significant findings, ongoing challenges, and future directions. By synthesizing current research, this review emphasizes the importance of these simulations in improving the design and processing of metallic glasses (from structural materials to high-performance components) for a wide range of applications.