Abstract:Hydraulic machinery serves as the core equipment in hydropower stations and pumping stations, primarily encompassing turbines and pumps. Cavitation and erosion occurring on turbines stand out as the main causes of failure in flow-passing components, and they have remained a critical challenge hindering the development of hydraulic machinery for over six decades. Numerous researchers have consistently found that applying a dense coating on the surface of the base material can effectively mitigate the damage to hydraulic machinery caused by cavitation and erosion. As an advanced surface modification technology, laser cladding has opened up new avenues for the industrial application of such coatings. By summarizing existing studies, this paper comprehensively analyzes the mechanism, influencing factors, and prediction methods of cavitation and erosion. It specifically examines the impact of factors like powder composition and operating conditions on the cavitation and erosion resistance of laser-cladded alloy coatings. Based on the above analysis, the paper addresses the current drawbacks of materials in terms of cavitation and erosion resistance, summarizes the existing problems to date, and outlines the future development directions and trends of laser-cladded alloy coating materials. This work aims to provide valuable references for the development of high-performance laser-cladded coating materials.