增材制造金属多孔材料的研究进展

Research Progress of additive manufacturing technologies for metallic porous materials applications

摘要:

金属多孔材料是一类兼具结构功能一体化特征的材料，其显著特点是具有明确的孔隙结构。这种孔隙结构使其同时具备金属材料与多孔材料的双重特性，因而广泛应用于核工业、石油化工、航空航天等领域。增材制造技术能够实现复杂多孔金属结构的一体化制造，具有材料利用率高、可精确调控孔隙结构等优势。本文介绍了面向金属多孔材料的增材制造技术发展现状，重点分析了增材制造金属多孔材料的成孔机制与性能特点，综述了其在医疗、模具等行业的应用进展，探讨了人工智能在金属增材制造技术中的应用情况，并对该技术未来的发展进行了展望。

Abstract:

Porous metallic materials are a class of materials characterized by their structurally and functionally integrated features, with a well-defined pore structure being their most notable attribute. This porous structure enables them to exhibit dual characteristics of both metallic and porous materials, making them widely applicable in fields such as nuclear industry, petrochemical engineering, and aerospace. Additive manufacturing technology allows for the integrated fabrication of complex porous metallic structures, offering advantages such as high material utilization and precise control over pore structure. This paper reviews the current development of additive manufacturing technologies for porous metallic materials, with a focus on analyzing the pore formation mechanisms and performance characteristics of additively manufactured porous metallic materials. It also summarizes their application progress in industries such as healthcare and tooling, discusses the integration of artificial intelligence in metallic additive manufacturing, and provides an outlook on the future development of this technology.