高熵合金研究现状及其在海洋工程领域应用展望

Developing Status of High-Entropy Alloys and Their Application Prospects in Marine Engineering

摘要:

高熵合金是一种新型合金材料，成分设计突破了传统合金仅以1~2种元素为主的固有理念，凭借多主元组合赋予的结构特征和性能优势，使其在船舶与海洋工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文将简要回顾高熵合金的基本概念与研究现状，综述高熵合金在结构力学、涂层防护、耐腐蚀、抗辐照及构件制备等场景中所表现出的技术突破、性能特点及机理分析，特别关注高熵合金在船舶及海洋工程领域的发展情况及应用场景，总结当前高熵合金研究过程中存在的突出问题，提出适合船舶与海洋工程领域应用的高熵合金体系、性能等设计方法与制备方向，从而明确高熵合金在面对海洋环境等复杂服役工况条件下系列腐蚀和防护等实际问题的解决方法，以及综合性能优越、环境适应性更强的前沿高熵合金材料未来发展新思路。

Abstract:

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are emerging alloy materials in recent years, breaking the inherent concept of designing traditional alloy compositions based on 1?2 major elements. Due to their unique structural features and performance advantages conferred by their multi-principal-element combinations, HEAs exhibit wide application prospects in marine engineering. In this review, the basic concepts and development status of HEAs have been introduced. Furthermore, their technological breakthrough, performance features, and corresponding mechanism analysis in different scenarios, including structural mechanics, coating protection, corrosion resistance, radiation tolerance, and component fabrication, have been reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the development status and application scenarios of HEAs in the field of shipbuilding and marine engineering. Some prominent problems currently existing in the research process of HEAs have been summarized, aiming to propose design methods and preparation directions of HEAs. More importantly, it also clarified novel development strategies to solve practical problems such as a series of corrosion and protection issues faced by HEAs under complex service conditions including marine engineering, along with new ideas for the future development of advanced HEAs that possess superior comprehensive performance and enhanced environmental adaptability.