铂族金属高熵合金的设计、制备与应用研究进展

Research Progress in the Design, Preparation, and Applications of Platinum-Group Metal High-Entropy Alloys

摘要:

高熵合金(High-Entropy Alloys, HEAs)是一类由五种或更多主要元素以等摩尔比或近等摩尔比组成的多主元合金材料,具有高熵效应、极端晶格畸变、缓慢扩散和多元协同效应等独特性质。铂族金属高熵合金(Platinum Group Metal High-Entropy Alloys, PGM-HEAs)因其优异的催化活性、耐腐蚀性及超导、磁制冷等功能特性,在催化、能源等高科技领域展现出广阔的应用前景,已成为高熵合金研究的重要分支。本文系统地综述了PGM-HEAs的设计、制备方法及其应用研究进展,并探讨了其未来发展趋势与潜力。

Abstract:

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a class of multi-principal-element materials comprising five or more major elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios. These alloys exhibit distinctive properties, including high-entropy effects, severe lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion, and cocktail effects. Platinum-group metal high-entropy alloys (PGM-HEAs), renowned for their exceptional catalytic activity, corrosion resistance, and multifunctional characteristics, have demonstrated significant potential for applications in industrial and high-tech sectors such as catalysis and energy conversion. Consequently, PGM-HEAs have emerged as a pivotal subfield of HEA research. This article comprehensively reviews the design strategies, synthesis methodologies, and recent advancements in PGM-HEA applications, while also outlining future research directions and challenges.