石墨与金属钎焊技术研究进展

Overview of Brazing Technique of Graphite to Metals

摘要:

石墨因具有诸多优良的特性被广泛应用于航空航天、核能及电子散热等领域，在现代工业中占有越来越重要的地位，实现石墨与合金及金属的可靠连接对于完成异种材料的性能互补及拓宽应用领域具有重要意义。然而，在石墨与异种材料的焊接过程中存在一些亟待解决的难题，其中主要是钎料润湿性差、控制界面生成脆性相和缓解界面应力的问题。本文回顾了相关石墨和合金及金属的钎焊研究进展，阐述了石墨与金属直接钎焊与间接钎焊两种方法对接头性能的影响，着重分析了各种钎焊方法对解决石墨润湿性差的问题的思路，最后对异种材料连接提出了展望。

Abstract:

Graphite is widely used in aerospace, nuclear energy, and electronic heat dissipation due to its many excellent properties, and it plays an increasingly important role in modern industry. Achieving reliable connections among graphite, alloys, and metals is of great significance for achieving complementary performance of heterogeneous materials and expanding application fields. However, there are some urgent problems to be solved in the welding process between graphite and dissimilar materials, mainly including poor wetting of the brazing material, control of formation of brittle phases at interface, and alleviation of interface stress. This study reviews the research progress on brazing of graphite, alloys, and metals, and elaborates on the effects of direct and indirect brazing methods on the joint performance of graphite and metals. It focuses on analyzing the solutions to the problem of poor wetting of graphite using various brazing methods, and finally provides prospects for the connection of dissimilar materials.