纳米多孔金属加氢催化剂的制备及应用

Nanoporous Metal-Based Hydrogenation Catalysts： Preparation and Applications

摘要:

纳米多孔金属催化剂（NPCs）凭借其高比表面积、可调控的孔道结构和限域效应，在催化加氢领域展现出显著优势。本文系统阐述了以雷尼镍为代表的纳米多孔金属催化剂，重点分析了其通过化学脱合金构筑三维多孔结构的制备原理，并从晶体结构、残余铝、孔结构及掺杂剂4个维度深入探讨了影响催化活性的关键因素。进一步综述了该类催化剂在不饱和键加氢、硝基/腈基化合物转化及生物质平台分子升级等反应中的应用，揭示了多孔结构在提供高比表面积、优化传质路径及调控反应选择性方面的核心作用。

Abstract:

Nanoporous metal catalysts (NPCs) demonstrate remarkable advantages in the field of catalytic hydrogenation due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, and confinement effects. This review elaborates on NPCs represented by Raney nickel, focusing on the preparation principles involving the construction of three-dimensional porous structures by chemical dealloying. It provides in-depth discussions on the key factors influencing catalytic performance from four perspectives: crystal structure, residual aluminum, pore characteristics, and dopants. Furthermore, the applications of these catalysts in the hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds, transformation of nitro/cyano-compounds, and upgrading of biomass platform molecules were reviewed, highlighting the essential role of the porous structure in providing high surface area, optimizing substance transfer pathways, and modulating reaction selectivity.