电弧增材钛基复合材料的研究现状与展望

A Review and Future Perspectives of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Titanium Matrix Composites

摘要:

钛基复合材料因可借助增强体“类型–形貌–分布”的设计突破传统钛合金的性能瓶颈，已成为轻质高强构件的重要候选。电弧增材制造凭借“近净成形+快速凝固”双重优势，为复杂结构钛基复合材料的高材料利用率、短流程制备提供了新范式。本文系统综述了电弧增材制造钛基复合材料的研究现状，重点围绕成形质量、微观组织与力学性能三大核心问题展开论述。分析表明：通过优化工艺参数（如热输入、电流模式）与采用预热和保温等辅助工艺，可有效抑制孔隙、裂纹等缺陷，提升成形精度；借助增材制造的快速凝固特性与增强相的引入，可实现晶粒细化与微观组织调控；通过设计层状/网状等结构，可实现材料强度的提升。未来研究需致力于工艺-组织-性能的深度融合，以推动该技术在高性能构件制造中的广泛应用。

Abstract:

Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) have emerged as promising candidates for lightweight, high-strength structural components. Their appeal lies in the potential to surpass the performance limits of conventional homogeneous alloys through strategic design of reinforcements in terms of their type, morphology, and spatial distribution. Concurrently, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers a novel paradigm for fabricating complex TMC structures with high material utilization and shortened processing routes, leveraging its dual advantages of near-net shaping and rapid solidification. This review systematically summarizes the current state of research on wire arc additively manufactured TMCs, with a focused discussion on three critical aspects: geometrical integrity, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical properties. The analysis indicates that by optimizing process parameters such as heat input and current mode, and employing auxiliary processes including preheating and maintaining temperature. can effectively mitigate defects such as porosity and cracking, thereby improving dimensional accuracy. The inherent rapid solidification of WAAM, combined with the introduction of reinforcing phases, facilitates grain refinement and enables microstructural control. Furthermore, the strategic design of architectural features such as laminated or network-like structures can lead to significant enhancement in material strength. Future research should focus on a deeper integration of process-microstructure-property relationships to accelerate the broad adoption of this technology in the manufacturing of high-performance components.